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There are two types of cancer of the uterus: uterine sarcoma and endometrial cancer. Both cancers affect the uterus, or the womb, where the fetus develops. It is estimated that approximately 40,000 cases of all types of uterine cancer will be diagnosed in 2005. The incidence of endometrial cancer in women in the U.S. is 1 - 2%. The incidence peaks between the ages of 60 and 70 years, but 2 - 5% of cases may occur before the age of 40 years.

Risk Factors

While there is no known cause of endometrial cancer, there are some identified factors that increase a woman’s risk of developing a uterine cancer. Increased risk of developing endometrial cancer has been noted in women with increased levels of natural estrogen. Other factors include:

• Women who have never gotten pregnant
• Women who cannot bear children due to infertility
• Women who had their first period at an early age
• Women who stopped having their periods at a late age
• Women who have a history of endometrial polyps
• Postmenopausal women who use estrogen-replacement therapy
• Women with diabetes
• Women who have used the drug Tamoxifen, used to treat breast cancer

Women who fall into one of the above categories should be closely monitored by their physician. 

Signs and Symptoms

Uterine cancer occurs after menopause. Symptoms can include abnormal uterine bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse, difficult or painful urination, or pelvic pain. If you experience any of these symptoms be sure to talk to your physician.

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