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About Colorectal Cancer
The most common of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are cancers of the colon and the rectum, or colorectal cancers. The American Cancer Society estimates that nearly 150,000 cases of colorectal cancers will be diagnosed in 2005. Colorectal cancers are the third most common cancers both in men and women.
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Michael J. Goldberg, MD, is |
The primary risk factor for colorectal cancer is age, with more than 90 percent of cases diagnosed in individuals older than 50. Risk is increased by a personal or family history of colorectal cancer and/or polyps, or personal history of inflammatory bowel disease. Other risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, a diet high in saturated fat and/or red meat, as well as inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. Studies indicate that men and women who are overweight are more likely to develop and die from colorectal cancer. Recent studies suggest that estrogen and progestin hormone therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, may reduce colorectal cancer risk. However, women taking estrogen and progestin hormone therapy are more likely to be diagnosed at a more advanced stage of the disease.
Signs and Symptoms
Colorectal cancer usually causes no symptoms in its early stages, making screening important. Rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, a change in bowel habits, and cramping pain in the lower abdomen may signal advanced disease.